per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2023-12 10 3 145 155 article Rasoul Jannaty rasouljannaty@gmail.com 1 Research Center for Trauma in Police Operations, Directorate of Health, Rescue & Treatment, Police Headquarter, Tehran, Iran Background and Objective: The main index in resilience engineering is the management commitment index. This study implemented a semi-quantitative risk assessment method based on the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method for the management commitment index to evaluate the resilience level of two selected hospitals. Materials and Methods: First, evaluation tools were designed, and their validity was determined. They included a 17-question hierarchical analysis questionnaire, a four-question management commitment risk assessment form, and a two-question integrated management commitment risk assessment form with safety, health, and environment. They were then distributed at Al-Ghadir Hospital in Tabriz and Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Bandar Abbas (affiliated with Faraja) and analyzed with relevant statistical methods. Results: The evaluation of the fuzzy hierarchical analysis questionnaire showed that the level of resilience had increased from 15.25 in 2018 to 36.37 in 2019. Additionally, the levels of social readiness, sharing, and resilience risk were 0.97, 0.17, and 0.03 in Al-Ghadir Hospital and 0.96, 0.11, and 0.04 in Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, respectively. Moreover, the cumulative readiness value of management commitment based on safety, health, and environment in these two hospitals was 0.81 and 0.74, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is suggested that the selected hospitals focus on the effective parameters introduced in the evaluation tools of this study to increase their resilience level.   http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-862-en.pdf Crisis management Management commitment Resilience engineering Risk assessment per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2023-12 10 3 156 166 article Kamaladdin Abedi kamal.abedi@gmail.com 1 Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Background and Objective: Indoor air pollutants are among the five most important environmental health risks. In recent years, concerns regarding indoor air quality in buildings have increased. This review has investigated studies conducted on portable air cleaners. Materials and Methods: After determining the keywords, conducting comprehensive searches in the internet databases, and taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a complete review was conducted to obtain the latest findings and the general trend of the studies. Results: Portable air cleaner devices are very diverse and are divided based on the type of technology used. Many standards have been developed to evaluate the performance of these devices in different countries, but none of them cover all aspects of performance. The effectiveness of these devices in removing VOCs is between 20% and 80%, depending on the type of technology and other influencing factors, and their effectiveness in removing suspended particles is between 70% and 95% on average. Furthermore, their efficiency in controlling COVID-19 is reported to be above 80% in cases where HEPA filters with grades 13 and above are used. Conclusion: Devices equipped with the HEPA filtration process have been found to be very effective in controlling indoor suspended particles. The use of devices equipped with UVGI, plasma, and ozone technologies should be accompanied by caution due to dangerous by-products. http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-871-en.pdf Indoor air pollution Performance standards Portable air cleaners Purification processes per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2023-12 10 3 167 178 article Ramin Rahmani 1raminrahmani@gmail.com 1 Mohsen Aliabadi aliabadi@umsha.ac.ir 2 Rostam Golmohammadi rezagol1344@gmail.com 3 Mohammad Babamiri Mohammad.babamiri@yahoo.com 4 Maryam Farhadian MaryamFarhadian80@gmail.com 5 Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Background and Objective: Bus drivers are exposed to harmful agents such as noise and vibration, which may increase the level of job stress among them. This study aimed to evaluate job stress among urban bus drivers concerning daily noise and vibration exposure. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 103 urban bus drivers in Hamadan in 2020. The drivers' exposure to noise and vibration was measured using Svan 104 and Svan 106, respectively. Their job stress was measured through the Phillippe L. Rice questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 24). Results: The mean exposure of drivers to noise was 79.50 ± 3.51 dB. Their exposure levels to whole-body vibrations (WBV) and hand-arm vibrations (HAV) were 0.62 ± 0.16 and 0.44 ± 0.06 m/s2, respectively. Moreover, most drivers (87.4%) had severe job stress. A significant positive relationship was observed between noise and job stress (P=0.021), whereas there was no significant relationship between WBV, HAV, and job stress.  Conclusion: Regarding the high prevalence of severe job stress among bus drivers and the positive correlation between noise and job stress, it is highly recommended that noise exposure be subsided through periodic services and maintenance, as well as using new buses instead of the old ones. http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-884-en.pdf Bus drivers Hand-arm vibration Job stress Noise Whole-body vibration per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2023-12 10 3 179 191 article Edris Soltani e.soltani@edu.umsha.ac.ir 1 Mohadeseh Hosseini sz1380.com@gmail.com 2 Mostafa Mirzaii Aliabadi mirzaei@umsha.ac.ir 3 Iraj Sallehi irsalehi@yahoo.com 4 Matina Askari mtn.askari1@gmail.com 5 School of Public Health, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Department of Anesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Department of Anesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Department of Anesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Background and Objective: Anesthesiologists are exposed to significant risks due to advancements in the techniques of anesthesia and surgery, the emergence of modern equipment and drugs, as well as increased responsibilities and expectations. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide a model for assessing the risks and hazards existing in this profession. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study. Initially, various sources, including interviews with three experts and reviews of articles, were used to extract occupational risks in the field of anesthesiology. Subsequently, the study criteria, including consequence, probability, and exposure, were determined, and the weighting of these criteria was calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Finally, the prioritization of different risks was determined using the combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) method. Results: Based on the weights of criteria using the AHP method, consequence with a weight of 0.43 was the most important criterion, while exposure with a weight of 0.27 was the least important criterion in this study. Furthermore, among the investigated risks, inhaling anesthetic gases while wearing a mask and filling a vaporizer (R5) was selected as the most dangerous risk, followed by skin contact with scrubs or blood, patient's secretions, and infected tissues (R1), as well as needle sticking during venipuncture and patient's spinal anesthesia (R12), which were selected as the second and third most dangerous risks in anesthesiology, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the consequence was identified as the most important criterion, and the risks of inhaling anesthetic gases during mask ventilation and filling the vaporizer were determined to be the most significant occupational risks in anesthesiology. Furthermore, it was established that the proposed method can be used for risk assessment and prioritization of occupational hazards in anesthesiology and other professions.   http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-885-en.pdf AHP method Anesthesiology CoCoSo method Fuzzy logic Risk assessment per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2023-12 10 3 192 201 article Alireza Heidari alirezaheidari7@gmail.com 1 Shaghayegh Hadian shaghayegh.hadiaan@gmail.com 2 Farideh Kouchak faridehkouchak@yahoo.com 3 Zahra Khatirnamani khatirzahra@gmail.com 4 Health Management and Social Development Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Health Management and Social Development Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Health Management and Social Development Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Health Management and Social Development Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Background and Objective: Occupational hazards among nurses are very high, resulting in increased absenteeism from work, more doctor visits, reduced service delivery, and work disability. A poor safety climate may be one of the causes of workplace injuries. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and causes of occupational accidents, as well as the existing safety climate, in Gorgan teaching hospitals from the nurses' perspective. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in teaching hospitals in Gorgan, Iran. In total, 267 nurses participated in the study, who were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using valid and reliable questionnaires on the frequency of occupational hazards, causes of occupational hazards, and safety climate, and then analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, as well as the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-wallis test. Results: Regarding physical injuries, 94% of nurses had suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. In addition, 90.3% reported being threatened or verbally and physically assaulted by the patient and attendants. The heavy workload of nurses was the most important and frequent cause of occupational injuries in the nurses’ workplace (61%). The average rating of the existing safety climate was 3.10±0.6, and the safety climate was moderate (3.10±0.6). Occupational hazards were negatively and weakly, yet significantly, correlated with the overall rating of the safety climate and all its dimensions (P-value<0.05), indicating that as occupational hazards increase, the safety climate and all its dimensions decrease. Conclusion: A high percentage of nurses reported work-related physical and psychological injuries, and the safety climate among them was relatively moderate. To reduce the number of physical injuries, nurse leaders need to address injury prevention methods to manage this problem. To improve the safety situation, in addition to corrective control measures, training on safety issues and the regulation of rest hours should be conducted in hospital departments for all employees.   http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-892-en.pdf Hospital Nurses Occupational hazards Occupational injury Safety climate per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2023-12 10 3 202 212 article Hamed Yarmohammadi yarmohammadi68@yahoo.com 1 Mahdi Jahangiri jahangiri@sums.ac.ir 2 Moslem Alimohammadlou mslmami@gmail.com 3 Mojtaba Kamalinia mokamalinia@gmail.com 4 Fatemeh Eftekharian leila.eftekharian@gmail.com 5 Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Department of Management, Faculty of Economic, Management, and Social Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Heath School Library Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Background and Objective: Occupational safety is an important and significant issue that helps maintain the health and safety of employees and prevent occupational accidents and injuries. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of reviewing and analyzing books related to occupational safety. Materials and Methods: The current research employed a descriptive and bibliometric methodology. The research population included all the books registered on the National Library website from the beginning to the end of March 2023 using keywords such as safety, occupational accidents, and fire safety. The data were analyzed using Excel (version 2016) and Minitab (version 19.2020.1). Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution tables were used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated that a total of 2,617 book titles were published by the end of March 2023. Furthermore, the trend of book publishing has been generally increasing over the last five decades. The majority of the published books were in the subject categories of general safety (17.7%), fire (11.9%), as well as crisis management and emergency response (7.94%). Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that safety is a crucial concern in the industry and workplace, and Iranian authors have devoted significant attention to this field by writing various books. To enhance the quality of published books, authors are advised to conduct regular research, consult with experts in the field of occupational safety, assess industry needs through communication, engage with book audiences and gather feedback, and plan for updates to their published works. http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-889-en.pdf Bibliography Iran Occupational safety per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2023-12 10 3 213 221 article Edris Soltani e.soltani@edu.umsha.ac.ir 1 Farshid Ghorbani Shahna fghorbani@umsha.ac.ir 2 Maryam Karimi mkarimi.1988@yahoo.com 3 Negar Safarpour Khotbesara negar.sp513631@gmail.com 4 Majid Habibi Mohraz m.habibi@umsha.ac.ir 5 Mahdi Asghari Kashef kashef_f@yahoo.com 6 Zohreh Karami za.karami@umsha.ac.ir 7 Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Center of Excellence for Occupational Health and Research Center for Health Science, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran Center of Excellence for Occupational Health and Research Center for Health Science, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Vice President of Research and Technology, Hamedan Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Background and Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of different disinfection methods on the efficiency, pressure drop, and quality of medical masks used by medical staff. The filtration efficiency of medical masks was also investigated in the present study. Materials and Methods: In the present study, four models of medical masks used by the treatment staff were selected. The masks were then disinfected with the disinfection methods recommended by the disease control and prevention centers, including heat methods, autoclaves, ultraviolet rays, immersion in 70% alcohol, and immersion in sodium hypochlorite. Finally, the effect of each disinfection method on the efficiency, pressure drop, and quality of the masks was checked using the test system. Results: Based on the results obtained from the study, disinfecting masks using thermal methods, autoclaving, ultraviolet radiation, immersion in sodium hypochlorite, and immersion in 70% alcohol caused changes in efficiency by 5.58%, 9.83%, 8.15%, 13.34%, and 20.38%, respectively. Additionally, changes in pressure drop were observed at rates of 12.9, 7, 6.92, 183.75, and 16.13 Pa, respectively. Moreover, the quality factor of masks improved after disinfection using thermal methods and autoclaving, in contrast to other methods. Furthermore, the assessment of filtration efficiency indicated that three out of four types of masks examined had efficiencies lower than 85%. Conclusion: Disinfection of medical masks using the heat method was chosen as the best disinfection method due to the least change in efficiency, a slight increase in pressure drop, and availability, and the 70% alcohol immersion method was chosen as the weakest disinfection method due to the decrease in efficiency, increase in pressure drop, and destruction of the mask's structure. http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-886-en.pdf Disinfection of masks Medical services staff Respiratory protection mask per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2023-12 10 3 222 231 article Zahra Gholi z57_1978@yahoo.com 1 Mehran Ghalenoei ghalenoy@gmail.com 2 Davod Kermani davmar@yahoo.com 3 Mostafa PouyaKian pouyakian@yahoo.com 4 Environmental Science and Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background and Objective: Safety activities focus on reducing workplace risks, and very few activities focus on increasing organizational and safety culture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and safety at one of the largest automobile companies in the country. Materials and Methods: The current research was a correlational study that was conducted at a specific point in time. The statistical population of this research was the employees of paint and body salons of an automobile company. In total, 402 people were selected using the limited population sampling formula. The data collection tool, which was a questionnaire, had three sections, including demographic characteristics, organizational culture, and employee safety culture. In order to investigate organizational culture, a 29-question questionnaire based on the 10 indicators of the Robbins model was used, and for organizational culture, a 37-question organizational culture questionnaire was used. Results: The average age of the participants was 36.06±4.72 years, and the average organizational culture score in this industrial unit was 84.03±18.45. The correlation test showed the relationship between organizational culture and safety culture to be 0.652 and significant (P<0.001). In addition, 69.6% of observations were unsafe, and 30.4% were safe. No statistically significant relationship was found between unsafe behavior and demographic variables, except for age and work experience. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between safety and organizational culture, and individual factors and management factors had the greatest impact on safety culture. Safety culture, as a part of the organizational culture structure in organizations and industries, focuses on occupational health and safety issues. Giving importance to the safety culture or any change in the work culture and attitude of the employees can help overcome the obstacles in the way of safety in the workplace. http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-881-en.pdf Automobile industry Organizational culture Safety culture