per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2022-02 8 4 1 13 article Soqrat Omari Shekaftik Omari.s@iums.ac.ir 1 Nafiseh Nasirzadeh Nafisenasirzade@yahoo.com 2 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of public health, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran School of Public Health, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Introduction: In recent years, the rapid growth of nanotechnology has posed challenges related to health and safety of nanomaterials. Standardization is one of the first steps in assessing and controlling the risks posed by nanotechnology. Therefore, this study was conducted to review the national standards of Iran regarding the safety, health and environmental aspects of nanotechnology. Methods: This study was conducted in 2021, by searching in the portal of Iranian National Standards Organization (INSO). The search was provided by keywords "nano" and "nanotechnology". The inclusion criteria were the standards related to safety, health and environmental aspects of nanotechnology. A validated checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the standards. Statistical analysis was also performed using SPSS.22 software. Results: Out of 104 standards, 14 standards were related to safety, health and the environment. Most of the standards were translations of ISO and ASTM standards. Content analysis showed that the standards, in the first years, were about the characteristics of nanomaterials; However, in recent years, they have been developed about preventing exposure to nanomaterials and risk management. Statistical analysis showed that most of the quality evaluation criteria were at the "good" level. Conclusion: The existence of more than 100 standards, shows the importance of standardization of nanotechnology in the country. Although most of the standards are related to nanotechnology safety in workplaces, we need to increase public and specialized awareness to implement and apply the standards, at the national level. http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-699-en.pdf Nanotechnology National Standard Standardization Safety Health and Environmental per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2022-02 8 4 14 21 article Seyed Mahdi Mousavi mahdi.mousavi90@yahoo.com 1 Mahsa Jahadi Naeini jahadimahsa972@gmail.com 2 Mojtaba Haghighat mo.haghighat@behums.ac.ir 3 Farzad Behzadi Nezhad behzadinezhad_f@mapnaMD1.com 4 Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran Environment Management (HSE), Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Background and Objective: Increasing the level of resilience is one of the approaches to reduce the consequences of fire. Resilience is one of the most important and practical concepts in crisis management that has been considered in recent years.The current study was aim to identify and prioritize of indicators affecting resilience in the event of fire-induced emergencies in combined cycle power plant using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). Materials and Methods: By reviewing the texts and semi-structured interviews with 15 experts, 20 effective indicators in fire resilience in the combined cycle power plant were identified and classified into three main groups based on the McManus’ model. In the next step, the weights of the indices of each group were determined using the FAHP method. Finally, the first three indicators of each group were selected for final prioritization and pairwise comparisons were performed between them again. Results: The results showed that three indicators of structural stability (w=0.168), senior management awareness of roles and responsibilities (W = 0.145), risk perception and acceptance (W = 0.138) play the most important role. And logistics support index (0.069) is the least important in determining the level of resilience. Conclusion: By recognizing the effective indicators in determining the level of resilience against fire in emergency situations, decision makers could define and implement corrective and preventive measures to improve safety and increase resilience based on priority. http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-740-en.pdf Resilience Fire Emergency FAHP Combined Cycle Power Plant per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2022-02 8 4 22 29 article Narges Kaydani kaydani.narges@gmail.com 1 Kourosh Zarea Zareak@gmail.com 2 Ahmad Soltanzadeh soltanzadeh.ahmad@gmail.com 3 Department of Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Department of Occupational Safety & Health Engineering, Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Introduction: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the nursing profession has been high reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders as well as to analysis the risk factors associated with it in the nursing community. Method: This cross-sectional study was performed in seven hospitals in Khuzestan province in 2020. The study population and sample included nurses working in these hospitals (652 people). Data collection tools included the Nordic questionnaire and the questionnaire evaluating the outcomes related to the shift work of Choobineh et al. Analysis of data was performed using IBM SPSS 22.0, and independent t-test, chi-square and logistic regression. Results: The findings showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in shift work nurses (58.23%) was significantly higher than day work nurses (38.89%) (p <0.05). The results showed that the variables of nurse to bed ratio, shift work system, means of body mass index, working hours per week and work experience with odds ratio of 3.45, 2.19, 1.69, 1.38, and 1.25 have the highest impact on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the nurses (p <0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicated that various variables, especially the nurse to bed ratio and working in the shift work system have been evaluated as the main risk factors associated with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in nurses. Therefore, in managing and controlling these disorders, the effective role of all risk factors should be considered to design a comprehensive risk management program for the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-750-en.pdf Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Analysis Nurses Shift Work Nurse to Bed Ratio. per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2022-02 8 4 30 39 article Mohammad Javad Sheikhmozafari mj.sheikhmozafari@yahoo.com 1 Omran Ahmadi o.ahmadi@modares.ac.ir 2 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Department Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Background & objective: Proper lighting increases the productivity and efficiency of people in the workplace. This study aimed to translate and validate the office lighting survey questionnaire (OLS) to make it usable in Iran and to create a suitable tool for conducting research related to the qualitative study of workplace lighting. Materials & Methods: The present study is an analytical study that was conducted to determine the validation of the Persian version of the OLS questionnaire on employees of one of the governmental offices in Kerman province. First, the Persian version of the questionnaire was prepared using the Backward-forward method and then the translated questionnaire was distributed among the 49 employees. CVI and CVR, and test-retest tests were used to measure validity and reliability respectively. Chi-square and Mann-Whitey tests in SPSS version 26 were also used to analyze the data. Chi-square and Mann-Whitey tests in SPSS version 26 were also used to analyze the data. Results: In the validity analysis, Kappa's and Spearman's coefficients were used to analyze the agreement and correlation between the questions. Intra-class correlation coefficient in the reliability analysis was 0.949. It was found that there is a significant relationship between employees' job satisfaction with lighting and most questions of the OLS questionnaire. Conclusion: The Persian version of the OLS questionnaire is a useful tool for assessing the quality of lighting in office environments that can be used as part of routine design and measurement programs for office environments and occupational care to prevent job dissatisfaction problems. http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-742-en.pdf Lighting OLS questionnaire office environment validation per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2022-02 8 4 40 48 article Shahab Mohebi shahabmt@yahoo.com 1 Rasoul Yarahmadi yarahmadi.r@iums.ac.ir 2 Hossein Ebrahimi hossein.ebrahimi@yahoo.com 3 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background and Objective: Air pollution in industrial work environments has adverse effects on worker health. Among these effects, one can refer to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, which impose direct and indirect costs on society. Local exhaust ventilation is considered an appropriate approach to remove pollutants released in indoor work environments. This study aimed to develop a smart application for designing and selecting local exhaust ventilation systems. Materials and Methods: This study was designed and performed at two stages. At the first stage, a smart application that could select and design the best local exhaust ventilation system was developed using Visual Basic 6.0. Subsequently, for the validation of this application, the results obtained by the application were compared with the benchmarks. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 22), and the Bland-Altman plot was utilized to examine the consistency among the results. Results: Among the parameters, the maximum difference was related to the static pressure drop of the channel with a 5% difference, and the lowest difference was related to the size of the calculated diameters, in which no difference was observed. Bland-Altman plot showed that the standard deviation of the results of the designed software in the calculations of 28 branches of the ventilation systems designed for static pressure, velocity pressure, and total pressure was in the range of ±2SD. Conclusion: Since the software presented in this study has an error of less than 5%, it can be used as a suitable and reliable tool for designing local suction ventilation systems. http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-759-en.pdf Local Ventilation Systems Pressure Drop Smart Design Workplace Pollutants per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2022-02 8 4 49 58 article Vida Rezaee-Hachesu abi.hse2006@gmail.com 1 Rajabali Hokmabadi abi.hse2006@gmail.com 2 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran Background: Heat is one of the most important physical harmful factors in many work environments. Due to the nature of work, bakery activity is considered as one of the high-risk occupations in terms of heat stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was evaluated of heat exposure in bakery workers using WBGT, HSI and UTCI indices. Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted in bakeries in Bojnurd. In this study, heat stress was evaluated based on WBGT, HSI and UTCI indices. WBGT meters, thermometers and anemometers were used to measure the required parameters. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS21 software. Results: The mean of WBGT, UTCI and HSI indices were 34.81  2.63, 37.02 3.54 and 64.65  24.23, respectively. The values of UTCI and WBGT indices except air velocity were significantly associated with all environmental parameters. There was a positive correlation between all physiological parameters and UTCI and WBGT indices. HSI index was significantly associated with oral temperature and mean skin temperature. There was a strong positive correlation between WBGT and UTCI and a weak positive correlation between HSI and WBGT and UTCI. Conclusion: There was a correlation between UTCI and WBGT as well as environmental and physiological parameters and a strong correlation was observed between UTCI and WBGT. It seems that UTCI is also suitable for assessing occupational heat stress in indoor environments such as bakeries. http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-754-en.pdf Heat stress Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) Index Heat strain index (HSI) Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2022-02 8 4 59 68 article Tahmasb Akhtar t_akhtar59@yahoo.com 1 Reza Yeganeh yeganeh.reza13@gmail.com 2 Zabihollah Damiri zabiolah.damiri@gmail.com 3 Safety Expert, Technical and Support Services Unit, Hormozgan Steel Company, Bandar Abbas, Iran Department of in Occupational Safety and Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Introduction: Human errors play a significant role in the occurrence of industrial accidents.  This study aims to investigate the human errors in cabin roof crane operators of a metal industry using SHERPA and SPAR-H techniques.    Material and Method: In this research, first, all of the tasks of the tower crane operator were identified and analyzed. Then, adopting SHERPA technique, probable operator errors were identified in each task and the control modes and error probability were determined by and SPAR-H technique. Results: Analysis of SHERPA worksheets showed that a total of 217 errors were identified, of which 41% were functional, 21% review, 13% recovery, 15% communication and 10% selective. . According to the results of risk assessment, 38% of errors at the level of risk are unacceptable, 26% are undesirable, 14% are acceptable but need to be reconsidered and 22% are acceptable without the need for reconsideration. H The highest probability of error was related to the three sub-tasks of longitudinal motion, transverse motion, and high and low motion (0.3712). The lowest probability of error was below the task of recording shift reports and transmitting information orally and in writing (0.001). Conclusion: the highest type of error detected is the functional type and the highest probability of error in cargo handling along the route (0.3712) and in this regard to reduce the error, the necessary corrective measures to improve The work process and the reduction of human error were made available to the personnel of the crane unit http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-679-en.pdf Human Error SHERPA Technique SPAR-H Cabin Roof Crane. per Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2383-336x 2383-3378 2022-02 8 4 69 77 article Gholamreza Asadi karampor1@yahoo.com 1 Arezou Karampourian a.karampourian@umsha.ac.ir 2 Omid Kalatpour kalatpour@umsha.ac.ir 3 Salman Khazaei salmankhazaei61@gmail.com 4 Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Background: The most important demand of people in disasters is health and the provision of coordinated, integrated, continuous, and accessible health services. Effective disaster management depends on anticipating and identifying disaster problems and considering the necessary facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety status and functional, structural, and non-structural preparedness of health centers in disasters. Materials and Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 49 health centers of Hamadan in 2021. To collect data, standard interviews, observation, and checklist methods were used based on disaster risk assessment guidelines in the health care network system. These checklists examine the safety status of health centers in three areas of functional preparedness, structural safety, and non-structural safety. The average functional preparedness, structural and non-structural, is considered a safety score, and health centers are in one of the levels of "low" safety (0-50), "moderate" safety (50-70), and "optimal" safety (70-100). Results: According to the results in the health centers of Hamadan city, the level of functional preparedness is 56.23%, the level of non-structural safety, structural safety, and total safety are 63.96, 89.39, and 75.13%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the level of non-structural and structural safety of health centers in Hamadan was at an acceptable level that can be improved, however, the level of functional preparedness was assessed at a moderate level. This could be due to a lack of coherent organization, disaster risk management, adequate budget, and knowledge. http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-775-en.pdf Disasters Safety Preparedness