fa ارزیابی ریسک مواجهه شغلی با سیلیس: ارزیابی ریسک‌های بهداشتی مواجهه شغلی با سیلیس کریستالی قابل‌تنفّس در صنایع سیلیس‎ کوبی، سرامیک‎ سازی، ریخته‎ گری و سیمان شهر همدان سم شناسی Toxicology مقاله پژوهشي Research Article <div class="rounded" style="background: rgb(208, 229, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(61, 129, 232); padding: 5px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:#005c2a"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">سابقه و هدف: </span></span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA">مواجهه</span> <span lang="AR-SA">با</span> <span dir="LTR">RCS</span> <span lang="AR-SA">باعث</span> <span lang="AR-SA">ایجاد</span> <span lang="AR-SA">سیلیکوزیس،</span> <span lang="AR-SA">سرطان</span> <span lang="AR-SA">ریه،</span> <span lang="AR-SA">بیماری</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;</span><span lang="AR-SA">های</span> <span lang="AR-SA">خودایمنی</span> <span lang="AR-SA">آرتریت</span><span lang="AR-SA">‌</span><span lang="AR-SA">روماتوئید</span> <span lang="AR-SA">یا</span> <span lang="AR-SA">اسکلرودرمی</span> <span lang="AR-SA">سیستمیک</span> <span lang="AR-SA">و</span> <span lang="AR-SA">بیماری</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;</span><span lang="AR-SA">های</span> <span lang="AR-SA">خوش</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;</span><span lang="AR-SA">خیم</span> <span lang="AR-SA">دستگاه</span> <span lang="AR-SA">تنفسی</span> <span lang="AR-SA">می</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;</span><span lang="AR-SA">شود</span><span lang="AR-SA">. </span><span lang="AR-SA">ارزیابی</span> <span lang="AR-SA">ریسک</span> <span lang="AR-SA">با تخمین</span> <span lang="AR-SA">ریسک</span> <span lang="AR-SA">مرگ</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;</span><span lang="AR-SA">ومیر</span> <span lang="AR-SA">و تعیین رابطه</span> <span lang="AR-SA">دُز</span><span lang="AR-SA">- </span><span lang="AR-SA">پاسخ،</span> <span lang="AR-SA">از جایگاه</span> <span lang="AR-SA">علمی</span> <span lang="AR-SA">مهمی</span> <span lang="AR-SA">در</span> <span lang="AR-SA">کنترل</span> <span lang="AR-SA">بیماری</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;</span><span lang="AR-SA">های</span> <span lang="AR-SA">شغلی</span> <span lang="AR-SA">برخوردار</span> <span lang="AR-SA">است.</span><span lang="AR-SA"> هدف از انجام مطالعه حاضر </span><span lang="AR-SA">ارزیابی</span> <span lang="AR-SA">ریسک</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;</span><span lang="AR-SA">های بهداشتی مواجهه</span><span lang="AR-SA"> شغلی </span><span lang="AR-SA">با</span> <span dir="LTR">RCS</span> <span lang="AR-SA">در</span> <span lang="AR-SA">کارگران</span> <span lang="AR-SA">سیلیس</span><span dir="LTR">‌</span><span lang="AR-SA">کوبی،</span> <span lang="AR-SA">ریخته</span><span dir="LTR">‌</span><span lang="AR-SA">گری،</span> <span lang="AR-SA">سیمان</span> <span lang="AR-SA">و</span> <span lang="AR-SA">سرامیک</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;</span><span lang="AR-SA">سازی</span> <span lang="AR-SA">استان همدان است.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:#005c2a"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.1pt">مواد و روش‌‌ها:</span></span></span></span></span></b>&nbsp;<span lang="AR-SA">در</span> <span lang="AR-SA">این</span> <span lang="AR-SA">مطالعه</span> <span lang="AR-SA">مقطعی،</span> <span lang="AR-SA">مواجهه</span> <span lang="AR-SA">شغلی</span> <span lang="AR-SA">با</span> <span dir="LTR">RCS</span> <span lang="AR-SA">در</span><span lang="AR-SA"> 15 عنوان شغلی </span><span lang="AR-SA">بررسی</span> <span lang="AR-SA">شد</span><span lang="AR-SA">.</span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA">ریسک</span> <span lang="AR-SA">بالقوّه</span> <span lang="AR-SA">سرطان</span> <span lang="AR-SA">در</span> <span lang="AR-SA">طول</span> <span lang="AR-SA">عمر (</span><span dir="LTR">LCR</span><span lang="AR-SA">) با</span><span lang="AR-SA"> در </span><span lang="AR-SA">نظر</span> <span lang="AR-SA">گرفتن</span> <span lang="AR-SA">عواملی</span> <span lang="AR-SA">مانند</span> <span lang="AR-SA">سابقه</span> <span lang="AR-SA">کار،</span> <span lang="AR-SA">تداوم</span> <span lang="AR-SA">و</span> <span lang="AR-SA">تناوب</span> <span lang="AR-SA">مواجهه،</span> <span lang="AR-SA">طول</span> <span lang="AR-SA">عمر</span> <span lang="AR-SA">و</span> <span lang="AR-SA">میزان مرجع</span> <span lang="AR-SA">مواجهه</span> <span lang="AR-SA">استنشاقی و همچنین ضریب ریسک (</span><span dir="LTR">HQ</span><span lang="AR-SA">) با استفاده از</span> <span lang="AR-SA">مدل</span> <span dir="LTR">Olawoyin</span> <span lang="AR-SA">محاسبه شد.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:#005c2a"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.15pt">یافته‌ها: </span></span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA">کمترین</span><span lang="AR-SA"> سطوح </span><span dir="LTR">LCR</span> <span lang="AR-SA">(</span><span lang="AR-SA">تقریباً</span><span lang="AR-SA"> 8 </span><span lang="AR-SA">مورد</span> <span lang="AR-SA">به</span><span lang="AR-SA">‌</span><span lang="AR-SA">ازای</span> <span lang="AR-SA">هر</span><span lang="AR-SA"> 1,000,000&nbsp;</span><span lang="AR-SA">کارگر) و </span><span dir="LTR">HQ</span> <span lang="AR-SA">(0.093) در</span> <span lang="AR-SA">عنوان</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;</span> <span lang="AR-SA">شغلی</span><span lang="AR-SA"> کوره (</span><span dir="LTR">L</span><span lang="AR-SA">) در ریخته</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;</span><span lang="AR-SA">گری </span><span lang="AR-SA">و بیشترین سطوح </span><span dir="LTR">LCR</span> <span lang="AR-SA">(تقریباً</span><span lang="AR-SA"> 2</span><span lang="AR-SA"> مورد</span> <span lang="AR-SA">به</span><span lang="AR-SA">‌</span><span lang="AR-SA">ازای</span> <span lang="AR-SA">هر</span><span lang="AR-SA"> 1000&nbsp;</span><span lang="AR-SA">کارگر) و </span><span dir="LTR">HQ</span> <span lang="AR-SA">(26.41) در عنوان</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;</span> <span lang="AR-SA">شغلی</span><span lang="AR-SA"> سرپرست (</span><span dir="LTR">D</span><span lang="AR-SA">) </span><span lang="AR-SA">در سیلیس‌کوبی مشاهده شد. سطوح </span><span dir="LTR">HQ</span> <span lang="AR-SA">در 9 عنوان شغلی </span><span lang="AR-SA">از</span><span lang="AR-SA"> سطوح مجاز توصیه‌شده </span><span lang="AR-SA">بیشتر و در سایر عنوان&rlm;های شغلی از سطوح مجاز کمتر بود. نتایج</span><span lang="AR-SA"> همچنین حاکی‌از وجود ارتباط مستقیم </span><span lang="AR-SA">بین </span><span lang="AR-SA">سطوح </span><span dir="LTR">LCR</span> <span lang="AR-SA">و</span> <span dir="LTR">HQ</span> <span lang="AR-SA">در </span><span lang="AR-SA">عنوان</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;&lrm;</span><span lang="AR-SA">های شغلی</span><span lang="AR-SA"> موردمطالعه </span><span lang="AR-SA">بود.</span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:#005c2a"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">نتیجه‌گیری</span></span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:#0d0d0d">:</span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA">با توجه به نقش مهم و تأثیرگذار پارامترهای به</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;</span><span lang="AR-SA">کاررفته جهت ارزیابی </span><span dir="LTR">LCR</span> <span lang="AR-SA">و همچنین امکان تعیین </span><span dir="LTR">HQ</span> <span lang="AR-SA">توسط مدل </span><span dir="LTR">Olawoyin</span><span lang="AR-SA">، استفاده از این مدل جهت انجام ارزیابی ریسک</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">&lrm;</span><span lang="AR-SA">های بهداشتی در مواجهات شغلی با </span><span dir="LTR">RCS</span> <span lang="AR-SA">در مطالعات آینده توصیه می‌شود.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;">&nbsp;</span></span></span> <div class="rounded" style="background: rgb(208, 229, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(61, 129, 232); padding: 5px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="color:#005c2a"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Background and Objective</span></span></b><b><span style="color:#005828"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">:</span></span></b> Exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) causes silicosis, lung cancer, autoimmune diseases of rheumatoid arthritis or systemic scleroderma, and benign respiratory system diseases. The risk assessment has an important scientific role in the control of occupational diseases by estimating the risk of death and determining the dose-response relationship. The present study aimed to evaluate the health risks of occupational exposure to RCS in workers in silica <span style="color:#222222">crushing, ceramics, foundry, and cement industrial sectors</span> in Hamadan, Iran.</span></span><br> <span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="color:#005c2a"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Materials and Methods:</span></span></b><b> </b>In this cross-sectional study, occupational exposure to RCS was investigated in 15 job titles. The potential lifetime cancer risk (LCR) was calculated by considering some factors, such as work experience, duration and frequency of exposure, lifetime and the reference rate of inhalation exposure, and the risk coefficient (hazard quotient: HQ), using the Olawoyin model<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">.</span><span style="font-family:Optima"></span></span></span><br> <span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="color:#005c2a"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Results:</span></span></b> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">The lowest levels of LCR (approximately 8 cases per 1.000.000 workers) and HQ (0.093) were obtained in the job title of Furnace (L) in the foundry, and the highest levels of LCR (approximately 2 cases per 1000 workers) and HQ (26</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">41) were observed in the job title of Supervisor (D) in silica </span><span style="color:#222222"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">crushing</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. The HQ levels in nine job titles were higher than the recommended allowable levels, while in other job titles, they were lower. Moreover, the results indicated a direct relationship between LCR and HQ levels in the studied job titles</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span><br> <span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="color:#005828"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Conclusion: </span></span></b>Considering the important and influential role of the parameters used to evaluate LCR and the possibility of HQ determination by the Olawoyin model, it is recommended that this model be employed to evaluate health risks in occupational exposure to RCS in future studies<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">.</span><span style="font-family:Optima"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی, سیلیس کریستالی قابل‌تنفّس, سیلیس‎کوبی, سرامیک‎سازی, ریخته‎گری, سیمان Cement, Ceramics, Foundry, Health risk assessment, Respirable crystalline silica, Silica crushing 84 94 http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-41-6&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Maryam Farrokhzad مریم فرّخزاد maryamfarokhzad@yahoo.com 100319475328460016514 100319475328460016514 No Department of Basic Sciences, Khomein Faculty of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran گروه علوم پایه، دانشکده علوم‌پزشکی خمین، خمین، ایران Farshid Ghorbani Shahna فرشید قربانی شهنا fghorbani@umsha.ac.ir 100319475328460016515 100319475328460016515 No Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت و ایمنی شغلی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم‌پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران Maryam Farhadian مریم فرهادیان m.farhadian@umsha.ac.ir 100319475328460016516 100319475328460016516 No Department of Biostatistics, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran مرکز تحقیقات مدل‌سازی بیماری‎های غیر واگیر، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم‌پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران Akram Ranjbar اکرم رنجبر a.ranjbar@umsha.ac.ir 100319475328460016517 100319475328460016517 No Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Pharmacy Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran گروه سم‌شناسی و داروشناسی، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم‌پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران Mohammad Javad Assari محمّدجواد عصاری Asari@umsha.ac.ir 100319475328460016518 100319475328460016518 Yes Department of Basic Sciences, Khomein Faculty of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran گروه علوم پایه، دانشکده علوم‌پزشکی خمین، خمین، ایران