Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering
مجله مهندسي بهداشت حرفه اي
johe
Engineering & Technology
http://johe.umsha.ac.ir
1
admin
2383-3378
8
10.61186/johe
14
8888
13
fa
jalali
1396
8
1
gregorian
2017
11
1
4
3
online
1
fulltext
fa
بررسی ارتباط بین غلظت های محیطی و سطوح مواجهه فردی با فرمالدئید در بخش های پاتولوژی بیمارستانهای آموزشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان
The investigation of relationship between ambient concentrations and personal exposure levels of formaldehyde in the pathological departments at teaching hospitals in Hamada university of Medical Sciences
عوامل شیمیایی
Chemical agents
مقاله پژوهشي
Research Article
<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مقدمه:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> <span style="background:white;">فرمالدئید به عنوان تثبیت</span></span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">‎</span></span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کننده بافت در آزمایشگاه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">­</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های آسیب</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">­</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شناسی و بافت</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">­</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شناسی استفاده میشود.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> فرمالدئید <span style="background:white;">توسط آژانس بین المللی تحقیقات سرطان (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">IARC</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) در گروه 1</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">A</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> (سرطانزای انسانی) طبقه بندی شده</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">­</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است. هدف مطالعه حاضر، بررسی ارتباط بین غلظت</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">­</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> محیطی و مواجهات فردی میانگین وزنی-زمانی (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">TWA</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) و سقفی (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">Ceiling</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) فرمالدئید در بخش های پاتولوژی بود. </span></span><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش کار:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی در </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نیمه دوم </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سال 1395 در چهار بیمارستان آموزشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان انجام شد. بدین منظور </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بهطور همزمان </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">28 </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نمونه </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">TWA</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">(</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش سرشماری)،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">17 نمونه محیطی و 5 نمونه فردی </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">Ceiling</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در پیک آلودگی جمع آوری گردید. جهت </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نمونه برداری و تجزیه نمونه ها</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ی هوا </span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از روش 3500 </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">NIOSH </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> استفاده شد.</span></span><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یافته ها:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> میانگین غلظت محیطی فرمالدئید </span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">ppm</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">1/81 </span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 1/67 بود. میزان سطوح مواجهه فردی در دو حالت </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">TWA</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">Ceiling</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> به ترتیب غلظت </span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">ppm</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">0/40 </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">±</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 0/31 و</span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">ppm </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">2/34 </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">±</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 2/36 به دست آمد. سطوح </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">TWA</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> از حدود مجاز توصیه شده (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">REL</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) توسط </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">NIOSH</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و سطوح </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">Ceiling</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> از حدود مجاز شغلی (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">OEL</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) ملی کشور بیشتر بود. در این مطالعه، بین غلظتهای محیطی با سطوح مواجهه فردی </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">TWA</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> (0/0001= </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">P</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و 0/82 = </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">r</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) و </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">Ceiling</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> (01/ 0= </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">P</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و 0/47 = </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">r</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) ارتباط آماری معنی دار وجود داشت. </span></span><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نتیجه گیری:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> با توجه به چالش های موجود در ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی فرمالدئید، این مطالعه، علاوه بر اندازه</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">­</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گیری سطوح فردی </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">Ceiling</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> در پیک آلودگی، بر سنجش غلظت های محیطی و سطوح فردی </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">TWA</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> در بخش پاتولوژی بیمارستان</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">­</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ها تاکید دارد.</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background: </strong>Formaldehyde used in the pathology and histology laboratories as a <em>tissue </em>fixation. Formaldehyde classified in group A1 (human carcinogen) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The aim of this study was the evaluation of relationship between ambient concentrations and time-weighted average or ceiling exposures of formaldehyde the pathology departments.<br>
<strong>Methods:</strong> This descriptive analytical study was performed in the second half of year 1395 at four teaching hospitals in Hamadan university of Medical Sciences<strong>. </strong>For those purpose 28 TWA samples (by a census method), 17 environmental and, 5 ceiling samples in the peak of pollution were collected simultaneously. The NIOSH 3500 method was used to sampling and analysis of air samples.<br>
<strong>Result</strong><strong>:</strong> The mean ambient concentration of formaldehyde was 1.67±1.81 ppm. The mean personal exposure levels in both TWA and ceiling were obtained 0.31<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.40 ppm and 2.36<span dir="RTL">±</span>2.34 ppm respectively. TWA and ceiling levels were more than from NIOSH recommended exposure limits (REL) and Iran's national occupational exposure limit (OEL) respectively. In this study, there were a significant correlation between the personal concentrations with TWA (r= 0.82 , P=0.0001) and ceiling exposure levels (r=0.47 , P=0.01).<br>
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the exist challenges in the risk assessment of formaldehyde, this study in addition to measuring the ceiling exposure levels in the contaminant peak emphasized the simultaneously measure ambient concentrations and TWA exposure levels in order to informed of the staffs exposure levels to assurance effectiveness of control measures at the teaching hospitals<strong>.</strong><br>
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فرمالدئید, پاتولوژی, بیمارستان ها, مواجهه شغلی
Formaldehyde, Pathology, Hospitals, Occupational exposure
33
40
http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-41-4&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Azam
karamimosafer
اعظم
کرمی مسافر
karamimosafer@yahoo.com
10031947532846005165
10031947532846005165
No
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان
Mohammad Javad
Assari
محمد جواد
عصاری
Asari@umsha.ac.ir
10031947532846005166
10031947532846005166
Yes
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان
Abdolraman
Bahrami
عبدالرحمن
بهرامی
Bahrami@umsha.ac.ir
10031947532846005167
10031947532846005167
No
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان
Mohammad
Zolhavarieh
محمد
ذوالحواریه
sm.zolhavarieh@umsha.ac.ir
10031947532846005168
10031947532846005168
No
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان