Introduction: Occupational exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) and respirable dust in the cement industry increases the risk of respiratory diseases, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these pollutants on spirometric indices and respiratory health among cement factory workers.
Methods: This study was conducted on 375 workers over a four-year period. Spirometric data, including FEV₁, FVC, and FEV₁/FVC ratio, were collected in two two-year periods and analyzed using statistical tests.
Results: The results indicated that prolonged exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) and inhalable dust led to significant reductions in FEV1 and FVC, as well as the emergence of restrictive lung disorders, particularly among workers who are working in production and maintenance occupational groups. Additionally, individual factors such as BMI and smoking were significantly associated with decreased pulmonary function. Smoking was identified as the most critical factor influencing the development of obstructive lung disease patterns.
Conclusion:  In this study, smoking was identified as the most significant factor influencing obstructive pulmonary patterns among cement industry workers. Additionally, the findings indicate that prolonged exposure to respirable dust and crystalline silica in the workplace, particularly in the cement industry, leads to a significant decline in pulmonary function indices such as FEV1 and FVC, contributing to a restrictive impairment pattern.