@article{ author = {Saeidi, Chiman and Asari, Mohammad Javad and Ghorbani-Shahna, Farshid and Khamverdi, Zahr}, title = {Removal of mercury vapor from ambient air of dental clinics using an air cleaning system based on silver nanoparticles}, abstract ={  Background & objective: Mercury is a toxic and bio-accumulative pollutant that has adverse effects on environmental and human health. There have been a number of attempts to regulate mercury emissions tothe atmosphere. Silver nanoparticles are a number of materials that have highly potential to absorb mercury and formation of mercury amalgam.The aim of this study is removal of mercury vapors in the dental clinic using a n a ir cleaning system based on silver nanoparticles.  Methods: In this study, silver nanoparticles coated on the bed of foam and chemical and structural properties were determined using a number of methods such as UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) connected the X-ray Emission Spectroscopy Energy (EDS). The a ir cleaning system efficiency to remove of the mercury vapor in simulated conditions in the laboratory and real conditions in the dental clinicwere measured by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (CVAAS).  Results: The images of SEM, showed that average sizeof silver nanoparticles in colloidal solution was ∼ 30nm and distribution of silver nanoparticles coated on foam was good. EDS spectrum confirmed associated the presence of silver nanoparticles coated on foam. The significantly difference observed between the concentration of mercury vapor in the off state (9.43 ± 0.342 μg.m-3) and on state (0.51 ± 0.031μg.m-3) of the a ir cleaning system. The mercury vapor removal efficiencyof the a ir cleaning system was calculated 95%.   Conclusion : The air cleaning system based on foam coated by silver nanoparticles, undertaken to provide the advantages such as use facilitating, highly efficient operational capacity and cost effective, have highly sufficiency to remove mercury vapor from dental clinics.}, Keywords = {Mercury vapor removal, Silver nanoparticles, Air cleaning, Denta clinic}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-104-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-104-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Torkaman, Javad and Motamedzade, Majid and Golmohammadi, Rostam and Roshanaee, Ghodratallah}, title = {Evaluation of the musculoskeletal disorders by ART technique and implementation of ergonomics intervention programs in a manufacturing company}, abstract ={ Background & Objectives : Currently, work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a major occupational health concern. This study tried to evaluate the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders by the assessment of repetitive tasks (ART). It also sought to determine the effects of an ergonomic intervention on the mentioned risk in a manufacturing company .  Methods: In this study, 60 production line workers were randomly selected. The data was collected by using a demographic questionnaire and the ART. The intervention was implemented for 39 cases. Data were analyzed in SPSS.  Results: The initial evaluations suggested low, moderate, and high levels of risk in 21.7, 48.3, and 30.0 of the participants, respectively. Re-assessments after the intervention showed that the frequency of low-risk individuals increased from 30.70 before the intervention to 53.85 after the intervention. On the other hand, comparisons between the rates before and after the intervention revealed reductions in the frequency of moderate risk (64.10 vs. 43.59) and high risk (5.2 vs. 2.56). These changes were all significant.  Conclusion: In most cases, the initial ergonomic risks were not at an acceptable level. In fact, most workers were at moderate level of risk. Since many workers in the assembling industry suffer from musculoskeletal disorders, low-cost eengineering and management measures can be taken to reduce the level of risk .}, Keywords = {Musculoskeletal disorders, Ergonomics Intervention, Assessment of repetitive task (ART)}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-19}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Kohnavard, Bahram and MallakiMoghadam, Hakime and Fazli, Zohreh}, title = {The relationship between demographic variables, productivity, and staff burnout among staffs of a hospital located in Ilam city}, abstract ={Background­ and objectives : Burnout is one of the causes of reduced job performance and productivity, this syndrome in jobs who deal directly with people are more than other professions may be viewed. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between demographic variables, efficiency, and staff burnout in a hospital. Methods : In this descriptive-analytical study all 100 employees of the hospital were evaluated . People by demographic information , Maslach Burnout questionnaire (MBI) and productivity questionnaire were studied . Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics . Results : Findings showed there was a significant correlation between the frequency of emotional exhaustion and reduced personal performance scale (the scale of burnout) with productivity. Burnout in emotional exhaustion scale for 41 to 50 years and reduction of operation scale for 20 to 30 years old had the highest score . Metamorphosis and efficiency in terms of significant differences between the study found , and those with a bachelor's degree and those with postgraduate highest grade metamorphic and more than had the highest productivity . Respondents with less than 8 hours daily working hours are significantly higher productivity . Metamorphosis in nurses has higher scale scores . Productivity in anesthesia was significantly higher than other occupational groups.   Conclusion : According to different levels of burnout and its damaging effects on the health of employees , lower productivity and quality of patient care , while more research on the causes of light , especially in institutional factors . It is suggested to adopt the methods of adjusting and preventive action to reduce this phenomenon .}, Keywords = {burnout, productivity, hospital}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {20-28}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {FouladiDeahghi, Behzad and IbrahimiGavamabadi, Leila and Behzadi, Ali}, title = {The use of hearing protection devices with approach risk perception of noise induced hearing loss in several manufacturing industry}, abstract ={  Background & Objective : Noise is a widespread physical agent and although is a most risk factors in workplaces that workers of health to exposed. Thus, different actions is done for reduce exposure to it in work places, which one of them is use of hearing protection devices. The use of hearing protection devices with approach risk perception of noise induced hearing loss in several manufacturing industry   Method: This study was Cross-sectional study and done in five industrial unit with a sound pressure level more of 85 dB-A with the participation of 340 workers. To collect data , individual risk perception and self-investigator questionnaires were used. After collecting data, statistical analysis including Cronbach's alpha and regression were used to analyze the data.   Results : Range use of hearing protection devices during shifts work by workers, respectively equal to: 50.4% sometimes, 31.58% never and 18.2% at all times. Also, results indicate significant differences between individual differences and hearing protection devices.   Conclusion : Results of this study showed that individual risk perception as an important factor, can do a significant role in predicting the behavior of personals in the use of hearing protection devices, which should be considered in any design and implementation of hearing protection program.}, Keywords = {risk perception, industrial noise, hearing protection devices}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {29-36}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Arghami, Shiraze and NooriParkestani, Hakimeh and Noorian, Rohollah and Karimi, Mohammad ali}, title = {The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Job Satisfaction in the Gas Company}, abstract ={  Background and Objectives: Musculoskeletal pain is an important subject in the world and it is a one of the greatest problem of occupational health in developing countries. Also, the musculoskeletal pain is common in offices due to prolonged awkward postures . On the other hand, this disorder can reduce the employees' job satisfaction and productivity of organization. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and job satisfaction in a gas company.   Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, all administrative staffs of a gas company (142 Persons) were participated. Data was collected based on Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. Statistical Analysis of collected data was performed using SPSS 13 by using chi-square test.   Results: The highest complaints of musculoskeletal pains during the past year were respectively, 52 percent for neck, 35.2 percent for low back, 33.8 percent for upper back. 40.4 percent of employees have expressed a high level of job satisfaction. However, statistical tests showed respectively a significant relation between teaching about proper posture and job satisfaction (pvalue= 0.023), and also shoulder pain and job satisfaction (pvalue=0.02).   Conclusion: Regarding to high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders and expressed 50.4 percent average job satisfaction by employees, it seems intervention to ergonomically improve workstations is necessary.}, Keywords = {Musculoskeletal disorders, Nordic questionnaire, Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, Administrative staff, the gas company}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {37-44}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Koohpaei, Alireza and Shahtaheri, Seyed jamaladdin and Golbabaei, Farideh and Ebrahimi, Ali}, title = {Triazines based Molecular Imprinted Polymers: As a novel technology for occupational trace pollutants monitoring}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Biological adsorbents under undesirable conditions have not suitable performance. Based on this problem, the using of the molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been proposed. This study was conducted to adsorption of trace triazinic pesticides with synthesis and optimization of molecular imprinted polymers as a novel solid phase extraction (MISPE). Methods: In this study, atrazine and ametrin polymer and blank were synthesized by central composite design method and optimized based on the amount of functional monomer, template, cross linker, initiator, solvents and polymerization temperature. Then the appropriate cartridge was selected and SPE procedure based on the concentration, sample volume, flow rate and sample pH were optimized with response surface methodology. Concentration factor and as well as reusability of the cartridges were examined finally. Results: Based on the obtained results, for ametryn and atrazine, optimized temperature was calculated equals to 40.86 °c, 6.41 and 5.03 ml for solvent, 27.070 and 21.32 for crosslinker, 2.03 and 2.27 mmol of initiator, 5.41 and 4.73 mmol for monomer and 1.204 and 0.811 for template respectively. Based on the optimization results of the molecular imprinted solid phase extraction, it was revealed that there are recovery rate over 90 percent for the drinking water and urine as spike. Conclusion: The results showed that central composite design can be used as a general tool for polymer synthesis and optimization of molecular imprinted solid phase extraction. Polymers according to theirs high-performance and selectivity also can assume an important role in monitoring the work environment.}, Keywords = {Molecular imprinted Polymer, Solid Phase Extraction, Herbicides, Atrazine, and Ametryn.}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-56}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mirzaeialiabadi, Mostafa and Mohammadfam, Iraj and Karimi, Safour}, title = {Identification and assessment of human errors in blasting operations in Iron Ore Mine using SHERA technique}, abstract ={  Background & objective: Human errors play a significant role in accident. One of the important operations in mines which were susceptible to human error, is blasting operations. The aim of this study is identification and assessment of human errors in blasting operations in iron ore mine.   Methods : Current Study is a qualitative research study in order to identify and assessment human error in a mine blasting operations. With direct observation of activities and documents, sub tasks were selected and analyzed by hierarchical analysis Job (HTA). The results were presented in the form of HTA charts. Types of possible human errors were detected and by using the SHERPA technique were surveyed. Appropriate prevention solutions were then proposed for reducing the risk of errors.   Results : The results showed, from total of 42 identified errors, predicted the unacceptable risks are 0.11 , adverse risks are 0.42, acceptable risks with revision are 0.4 and accepted without revision are 0.04. Moreover, percentage types of human errors were included practical errors (0.55) and recovery errors ( 0.14), checking error (0.21), selection errors (0.6) and communication errors ( 0.016).   Conclusion : The highest percentage of errors is practical and the lowest percentage of errors is of communication error. To reduce the occurrence of any identified error and limiting the consequences of their, appropriate control measures in the design of checklist , the use of appropriate personal protective equipment, the use of systems Tag Out- Lock Out, efficient education laws and guidelines are effective.}, Keywords = {Keywords: Human error, Risk, H.T.A, SHERPA.}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {57-65}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-110-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-110-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Jafari, Mohammad Javad and Khajevandi, Ali Asghar and MousaviNajarkola, Seyed Ali and Pourhoseingholi, Mohammad Amin and Omidi, Leila and Zarei, Esmaeil}, title = {Symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome in Office Workers of Petroleum Industry Health Organization}, abstract ={  Background­ and objectives : Research has consistently shown that air quality personal factors and work related factors were the most effective parameters for sick building syndrome. Several epidemiological studies have been carried out to show the prevalence of the sick building syndrome among the office workers but less attention has been paid to the relation of the sick building syndrome and the environmental parameters. In this work, the relationship between sick building symptoms and indoor environmental factors of two office buildings were studied.   Methods: In this cross- sectional study, the sick building symptoms among two office building workers of Petroleum Industry Health Organization were examined. For this purpose, a validated questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of the sick building syndromes and the relationship between personal and environmental factors. Meantime, indoor environmental factors including noise, light, humidity, air velocity , temperature and CO2 concentration were measured with appropriate calibrated instrumentations.   Results: The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between CO2 concentration as an air quality factor and some sick building symptoms including nausea, headache, nasal irritation, shortness of breath and dry throat. A significant relationship (P-Value < 0.05) was determined between the noise exposure and headache as well as dizziness. The light intensity had a significant impact (P-Value < 0.05) on dry skin, eye pain and malaise.   Conclusion: Sick building symptoms among the women were higher than men. Environmental factors and indoor air quality had major impact on sick building symptoms in office buildings.}, Keywords = {Sick Building Syndrome, Environmental Factors, Indoor Air Quality.}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {66-76}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-103-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-103-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Abolhasannejad, Vahideh and Assari, Mohammad Jav}, title = {An overview of methods and instruments for the assessment of occupational exposure to nanoparticles}, abstract ={Background & objective:: In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the application of nanotechnology in industries and the number of workers occupied in different processes of research on and construction, production and residue disposal of products containing nanoparticles. Despite this growth, however, there is still a dearth of information on the risk of occupational exposure to these materials. Due to the growing application of nanoparticles in the workplace, selecting suitable sampling and characterization techniques and instruments as well as investigating their efficiency for the evaluation of occupational exposure is very important. Methods: The present review study was conducted to introduce the methods and instruments used for evaluating occupational exposure to nanoparticles with an emphasis on the results of the existing literature on methods and instruments of evaluating occupational exposure to nanoparticles and the different contributing factors and conditions through library resources. Results: The results of this study demonstrate that, in spite of the wide application of nanotechnology in the workplace, a reliable, international and standard method for evaluating occupational exposure to nanoparticles is still lacking. This study also shows that occupational exposure to nanoparticles can be evaluated through modern instruments that identify and characterize nanoparticles in terms of their number, mass concentration and surface area. The Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) was the most widely-used instrument for measuring the number and size distribution of particles. Conclusion: The accuracy and precision of the methods and instruments used for evaluating the exposure to nanoparticles can be investigated in future research as a way of establishing a suitable and reliable evaluative standard.}, Keywords = {Keywords: Nanoparticles, Occupational Exposure, Sampling Instruments, Nanotechnology}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-14}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-139-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-139-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Hajizadeh, Farideh and Motamedzade, Majid and Golmohammadi, Rostam and Soltanian, Alirez}, title = {Work ability assessment and its relationship with severity of musculoskeletal disorders among workers in a cement plant}, abstract ={Background & Objectives: Employee productivity depends on the individuals’ ability to work. As musculoskeletal disorders are considered one of the main causes of reduced work ability and disability, the present study was conducted to assess work ability among workers of Shomal Cement Co. and to determine the relationship between the Work Ability Index (WAI) and the severity of musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: The present analytical, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 175 workers of Shomal Cement Co. occupied in different job categories. The work ability of the employees was assessed using the WAI and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among them was then assessed using the Nordic questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed in SPSS-16 using statistical tests including the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and the Analysis of Variance. Results: The mean value and standard deviation of the WAI in the employees of Shomal Cement Co. was calculated as 38.37±5.80. The Pearson correlation coefficient obtained showed no significant correlations between the WAI and the variables of age and work experience (P-value=0.355 and 0.096). The ANOVA revealed a significant correlation between the WAI and the severity of musculoskeletal disorders (P-value<0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that the majority of participants had a good work ability and that musculoskeletal disorders are significantly related to work ability the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal disorders can thus be reduced through reducing or eliminating the risk factors causing the condition.}, Keywords = { work Ability Index , musculoskeletal disorders ,Cement Industry, Nordic questionnaire}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {15-22}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Jafariroodbandi, Akram and Dneshvar, Somayeh and Sadeghi, Masoumeh and Barsam, Tayebeh and MoghadamRahimi, Somayeh and Feyzi, Vaf}, title = {The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its contributing factors in farmers of Zarand in 2010-2011}, abstract ={Background & objective: Farmers are exposed to numerous risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders, such as awkward postures, highly repetitive movements and carrying heavy loads. The prevalence of these symptoms is therefore predicted to be significant in this group of workers. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among farmers in Zarand county in Iran. Methods: The present descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 farmers in Zarand. Participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected by community health workers at health houses of the region using the Nordic Questionnaire. The data obtained were then analyzed in SPSS-18. Results: A total of 98% of the farmers were male, 98.9% were married and 62.9% had a normal BMI. The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was perceived in the knees (58.3) and the lowest in the elbows (8.19) over the last 12 months. The results of statistical tests showed a significant relationship between age and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in all the 9 body parts examined. A significant relationship also existed between the frequency of these disorders and variables including weight and height. Work experience and good exercise habits reduced the likelihood of developing these disorders. Conclusion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was significant among the farmers examined. Performing ergonomic interventions aimed at modifying body posture at work, designing useful tools and performing exercises at set intervals are measures that should be taken to help farmers keep healthy. }, Keywords = {Musculoskeletal Disorders, Job, Farmer, Nordic Questionnaire, Zarand}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {23-32}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-102-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-102-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ghorbanishahna, Farshid and Moradi, Mohsen and Bahrami, Abdulrahman and Rezazadehazari, Mansour}, title = {Design, Implementation & Assessment of Local Exhaust Ventilation System and dust collectors for crushing unit}, abstract ={Background & objective: Industrial ventilation systems and dust collectors are effective solutions to reduce particulate emissions in the workplace and environmental in mineral processes. In this study, Local Exhaust Ventilation System and dust collectors for control of emitted silica, coke, silicon carbide dusts from crushing unit was designed and evaluated. Methods: : Local Exhaust ventilation system based on standards and guides was designed and implemented after field study of the processes and sources of air pollutants. A set comprised of the four parallel cyclones (Stairmand model) and a new design of the scrubber had been used for dust control. After set-up of systems, its effectiveness in reducing the exposure of workers in the workshops and dust collecting were assessed. Results: Test results were significant differences between the concentration of particles in both on and off the ventilation system revealed (P <0.05). The system has been implemented as means of personal exposure to pollutants and environmental emissions were reduced 93.01% and 64.64%, respectively. Also, alone and integrated collection efficiency of cyclone and scrubber, were 94.2%, 59.05% and 97.4%, respectively. The results show good agreement with the values of the parameters ventilation system was designed. Conclusion: Implementation of integrated dust collectors is a good option in industries that have the financial and technical constraints to improve change processes and devices. This method with attainment to health and environmental standards not only can be resolve of the pollution problems, but also will be economically justified of such projects with reduction of depreciation expense and dust recycling.}, Keywords = {Local exhaust ventilation, Cyclone, Scrubber, Silicon carbide}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {33-42}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Khandan, Mohammad and Hosseinzadeh, Zeinab and Sakhaei, Zahra and Momenian, Sommayeh and Koohpaei, Alirez}, title = {The relationship between job satisfaction and general health in workers and workplace accidents in medium-scale industries}, abstract ={Background & objective: Job satisfaction and high levels of general health in workers can lead to their better performance, the reduction of workplace accidents and ultimately the improved productivity of the organization. The present study was therefore conducted to assess the relationship between these variables and the incidence of workplace accidents in medium-scale industries in 2014-15. Methods: : The entire population of workers in three medium-scale industries (n=163) entered the study. Data collection was conducted using Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire, the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire containing items on age, gender and the number of workplace accidents. The data obtained were then analyzed in SPSS-20 using the multiple-linear and the Poisson regression models.  Results: The general health scores obtained by the participants ranged from 4 to 68 and had a mean and standard deviation of 25.87±13.085. The job satisfaction scores obtained ranged from 31 to 100 and had a mean and standard deviation of 63.45±11.462. The Poisson regression model showed that the level of education, age, physical symptoms and anxiety and insomnia had a significant relationship with the rate of accidents (P<0.05). The model also showed a significant relationship between job satisfaction and general health ( =-0.417 and P =0.001).  Conclusion: The general health of the study participants can be said to be unacceptable and their job satisfaction to be medium. Devising plans for controlling and improving psychological and psycho-social factors such as job satisfaction is essential for workplace decision-makers, particularly in small and medium-scale industries. These plans can facilitate the achievement of higher health and safety levels in workers.}, Keywords = {Job Satisfaction, General Health, Workplace Accidents, Medium-Scale Industries}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {43-51}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Hajagazadeh, Mohhammad and Nasirzadeh, Nafiseh and Zare, Mohhamm}, title = {Perceived social support in the personnel of a manufacturing industry in Urmia in 2014-15}, abstract ={Background & objective: Perceived social support in the personnel of any organization is an important psychological factor that affects the efficiency of the workforce and exerts direct and positive effects on the their quality of life. The present study was conducted to investgiate the level of perceived social support in the personnel of a manufacturing industry in Urmia and to determine its relationship with certain demographic variables. Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted on 156 personnel of a manufacturing industry in Urmia. Data collection was conducted using the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire. The results obtained were then analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics, including the chi-squared test and the one-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean value of perceived social support from coworkers (3.36±0.72) was higher than the mean value of perceived social support from managers (2.99±0.65). Perceived social support from coworkers and managers was found to have a statistically significant relashionship with age, work experience and type of employment contract (P-value<0.05). Conclusion: Given that perceived social support from coworkers and managers fell in the medium range in the present study, managers should make efforts to foster a greater social support in the workplace for their personnel and to create better relationships with them in the attempt to improve their performance in different domains. Due to the greater need of the less-experienced personnel for social support, managers are recommended to show their support through devising bonus schemes, providing emotional support and establishing a better relationship with their personnel.}, Keywords = { Perceived Social Support, Coworkers, Managers, Workplace}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {52-61}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Motamedzadeh, Majid and Golmohamadi, Rostam and Soultanian, Alireza and Chang, Robab}, title = {The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders as examined by the Hand Activity Level and Threshold Limit Value (HAL-TLV) method and the Human Body Map and the implementation of an ergonomic intervention at a tea factory}, abstract ={Background & objective: The present study was conducted to examine the risk factors associated with hand activity and to determine their cumulative effect on the development of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: The present clinical trial was conducted on 24 men and 6 women employed at a tea factory in Fuman in northern Iran. The human body map was used to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the HAL-TLV method was used for determining the risk levels. All the tests were analyzed at a significance level below 0.05. The Wilcoxon test was used to measure the likelihood of developing musculoskeletal disorders. The Kappa test was used to compare changes occurring in the HAL-TLV results before and after the intervention. The data obtained were then analyzed in SPSS-16. Results: The results obtained through the HAL-TLV method showed that, for the right hand, 7 participants were at a risk level below 0.56 (the safe zone), 10 at the risk level between 0.56 and 0.78 (the caution zone) and 13 at the risk level above 0.78 (the danger zone) before the intervention however, after the intervention, 27 participants fell at the safe zone, 2 at the caution zone and only 1 at the danger zone. The results obtained for the left hand showed that, before the intervention, 5 workers were at the safe zone, 12 at the caution zone and 13 at the danger zone after the intervention, however, 28 workers were at the safe zone, 1 at the caution zone and only 1 at the danger zone. Conclusion: The assessment of the risk factors associated with job-related musculoskeletal disorders and the design and implementation of technical, administrative and educational interventions can help reduce the prevalence of these disorders.}, Keywords = {Musculoskeletal Disorders, the HAL-TLV method, Discomfort Assessment, Body Map}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {62-71}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-94-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-94-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Arghami, Shirazeh and Kamali, Korosh and NasabAlhosseini, Mil}, title = {A Survey on Musculoskeletal Pain in Suburban Bus Drivers}, abstract ={Background & objective: In developing countries, a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders has been reported among drivers. However, there are a few researches in this area among suburban bus drivers. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pains in suburban bus drivers in Zanjan. Methods: : This cross-sectional study has been verified by Ethics Committee of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Nordic questionnaire of musculoskeletal disorders and demographic questionnaire in relation to the the individual characteristics were filled for all of suburban bus drivers in Zanjan (89 individuals) in the spassenger terminals of this city. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 11.. Results: The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the participants for the last 12 months was observed in the low back (47.2%), neck  (38.2%) , shoulders and knees (27%) hip and thigh(16.9%), upper back (15.7%),  foot and ankle (12.4%), wrist and hand (9.1%) and elbow (7.9%), respectively. Variables such as daily exercise, smoking, age and work experience showed a significant relationship with pain in various parts of the body within the last 12 months and 7 days (pvalue<0.05). However, the variables have no significant relationship between the variables and preventing  normal work during the last 12 months. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a considerable prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the suburban bus drivers. Despite of the efforts undertaken to control the vibration of  driver's seat vibration and  provide an ergonomic work station for drivers, the lumbar and cervical pains are still common among them.}, Keywords = {suburban bus drivers, musculoskeletal pain, Nordic Questionnaire}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {72-81}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Shafieemotlagh, Masoud and Aliabadi, Mohsen and Shahidi, Reza and Kahani, Ami}, title = {Assessment and the feasibility of improving the artificial lighting system in technical services workshop located in the Fourth South Pars Gas Refinery}, abstract ={Background & Objectives: Desirable and ergonomic lighting in the workplaces has a significant impact on the visual effects and improve the efficiency and productivity of employees. This study aims to evaluate the lighting system and feasibility of improving the artificial lighting system for comfort lighting in the workshop of the Fourth South Pars Gas Refinery. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the environmental conditions of the studied workshop were evaluated and the illuminance was measured in both day and night times at 216 points. Based on lighting measurements, a site map was provided. Further, based on current conditions of the workshop, illuminance was estimated using DIALux 4.12 lighting calculations software. In regard to the national recommended limits for industrial lighting and the current luminaires, the different practical, accessible and low cost solutions were presented. Using the mentioned software, the share of each proposed solutions for improving workshop lighting were estimated. Results: The results showed that illuminance of the workshop in day and night times were equal to 197±71.5lx and 160±50.6 lx, respectively. The same results were also acquired by software calculations. Based on the results, lighting system was considered as undesirable lighting system along with need to modifications. Workshop lighting can increase between 260 lx to 405 lx through employing the proposed solutions based on the software predictions. Conclusion: The results confirmed that the low cost and simple solutions can significantly be improved the ergonomic and comfort lighting in the workplace. The use of the specialized tools calculations by experts and designers can be also facilitated the conducting feasibility reliable.}, Keywords = {Artificial lighting system, Lighting calculation, Technical workshop, lighting in the workplace}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-125-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-125-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mohammadfaam, Iraj and Heidarimoghadam, Rashid and Hassan-alhosseini, Seyed-mohamm}, title = {Cost-Benefit Analysis and Assessment of Ergonomic Interventions Effects: Case Study Boiler and Equipment Engineering and Manufacturing Company}, abstract ={Background & Objectives: In Economic and competitive world today,cost-benefit analysis is one of the most important parameters for any intervention.The purpose of thisstudy was cost-benefit analysis of ergonomic interventions effects in Boiler and Equipment Engineering and Manufacturing Company. Methods:At first all workstations of the company assessed using QEC. Thenthose earned more than 70% in QEC assessed by OWAS. By analyzing the results of these two methods, the “Haarp welding” workstation selected as the critical one. After presentation of possible solutions in specialized committee, the final solution selected and cost-benefit analysis done by CyberManS tool. Finally after implementing the intervention workstation reassessed. Findings:The results of the survey showed that the final score of assessment using QEC, OWAS and NASA-TLX before the intervention was 84.7%, 3 and 75.4, respectively and after the intervention was 47.5%, 1 and 42.7 that witnesses a significant reduction in all three methods of assessment. Also the result of cost-benefit analysis by CyberManS showed that by spending 110 million rials after 1.5 years the investment returned and profitability initiated. Conclusion:In addition to reducing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, ergonomic interventions have financial benefits by increasing the productivity and production, reducing the compensation and the lost work days can also cause financial benefits.}, Keywords = {Ergonomics, Cost-Benefit, Quick Exposure Check}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {10-16}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-121-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-121-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Khandan, Mohammad and Koohpaei, Alirez}, title = {Survey the relationship between mental health statuses with safety behavior, occupational accident and demographic variables among workers: A case study in publication industry}, abstract ={Background & objective: Physical and mental health of workers is one of the important factors affecting their job performance. The number of fatal occupational accidents in our country is high. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental health and safety behaviors, occupational accidents and demographic variables in a publishing industry in one of the central provinces of Iran, 2014. Methods: In this cross-sectional study all operational employees (98 persons) were included. Researchers developed a demographics questionnaire, Goldberg general health-28, safety behavior checklist and self-reported accidents were tools to gather the required data. Statistical analysis such as independent T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used for data evaluation by SPSS V20. Results: All workers were men and Mean of age was 41.79 also its standard deviation was 6.77. Studied personnel have been experienced occupational accident in a range of 0-5 cases. As well as, 80.75% of total observed behaviors (800) were safe. The mean score of GHQ test equals to 50.38±10.39 that was over the cut point (23). There was no significant relationship between mental health with safety behaviors (p>0.05). Also, significant level of its correlation with occupational accident was calculated as 0.08. Conclusion: Workers mental health status was unacceptable. Although, work condition based on the occupational accident and safety behavior has not showed caution situation, but the ABC model (Activators-Behaviors-Consequences) can help to promote personnel behaviors and control accidents.}, Keywords = {Mental health, Occupational safety, Accident, Behavior sampling}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {17-28}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-95-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-95-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Kamaei, Mohammad and Alizadeh, Seyed shamseddin and Keshvari, Abdorahman and Kheyrkhah, Zeynab and Moshashaei, Paris}, title = {Investigating and modeling of the effects of condensate storage tank fire in a refinery}, abstract ={Background & objective: Oil storage tanks are major industrial facilities which always pose risks of toxic substance release, fires and explosions. Fire has been recognized as the most common risk associated with such facilities, while explosion is the most important one in terms of ability to claim human lives and damage property. The current study aimed at investigating and modeling the effects of fires occurring in a gas condensate tank farm, according to which the level of possible emergencies were specified using the guidelines provided by the Center for Chemical Process Safety. Lastly, control measures were recommended. Methods: In the present study, the release and leakage of gas condensate from floating roof tanks were assessed using HAZOP method. Then, using PHAST software, the amount of radiation intensity received by the surrounding environment was determined, safe boundaries were computed, and according to the CCPS standard the emergency levels were determined. Results: modeling was performed based on the maximum capacity of tanks for both cold and hot seasons. The results revealed that safe distance for a maximum amount of irradiation density (4 KW/m2) related to a sudden release were 60 and 140 meters, respectively.   Conclusion: according to the current condition of the plants and storage tanks, a plan was recommended for emergency management and practical suggestions were provided to improve the reliability and consistency.}, Keywords = {Modeling, Reservoir Roof, Condensate Gas, Emergency}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {29-37}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-115-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-115-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Hajiakbari, Mohammad and Mohammadfam, Iraj and Amid, Mohammad and MirzaeiAliabadi, Mostaf}, title = {Human Error Assessmentin Minefield Cleaning Operation Using Human Event Analysis}, abstract ={Background & objective: Human error is one of the main causes of accidents. Due to the unreliability of the human element and the high-risk nature of demining operations, this study aimed to assess and manage human errors likely to occur in such operations. Methods: This study was performed at a demining site in war zones located in the West of Iran. After acquiring an initial familiarity with the operations, methods, and tools of clearing minefields, job task related to clearing landmines were specified. Next, these tasks were studied using HTA and related possible errors were assessed using ATHEANA. Results: de-mining task was composed of four main operations, including primary detection, technical identification, investigation, and neutralization. There were found four main reasons for accidents occurring in such operations; walking on the mines, leaving mines with no action, error in neutralizing operation and environmental explosion. The possibility of human error in mine clearance operations was calculated as 0.010. Conclusion: The main causes of human error in de-mining operations can be attributed to various factors such as poor weather and operating conditions like outdoor work, inappropriate personal protective equipment, personality characteristics, insufficient accuracy in the work, and insufficient time available. To reduce the probability of human error in de-mining operations, the aforementioned factors should be managed properly.}, Keywords = {Human Error, De-mining, Human Event Analysis}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {38-44}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-117-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-117-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Arghami, Shirazeh and Kamali, Koorosh and Radanfar, Faeze}, title = {Task Performance induced Work Load in Nursing}, abstract ={Background & objective: High workload may lead to increase human errors, compromise quality and safety of care, and reduce the nurses’ quality of working life. The aim of this study is to determine the task-induced workload in nursing. Methods: This is a descriptive analytical study. All of 214 nurses of one of the educational hospital took part in. After obtaining informed consent from participants, data were collected based on NASA-TLX questionnaire and the desired level assumed less than 50%. Analysis of data was performed by descriptive statistics and Anova in SPSS software (version 11. 0) at significant level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that perceived mental pressure for nurses is more than other NASA-TLX subscales (P< .001). Also, the mean perceived workload was more than 50%. However, mean workload score of NASA-TLX showed significant correlation with age (P< .001), work experience (P< .001), shift work (P< .02), and department (P< .001). Conclusion: The results show that effective programs will be required to reduce the work load, and to enhance nurses' performance.}, Keywords = {Ergonomics workload, nurses, Hospital}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {45-54}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Omidvar, Mohsen and Nirumand, Fereshteh}, title = {Application of Fuzzy Logic Inference System, Interval Numbers and Mapping Operator for Determination of Risk Level}, abstract ={Background & objective: Due to the features such as intuitive graphical appearance, ease of perception and straightforward applicability, risk matrix has become as one of the most used risk assessment tools. On the other hand, features such as the lack of precision in the classification of risk index, as well as subjective computational process, has limited its use. In order to solve this problem, in the current study we used fuzzy logic inference systems and mathematical operators (interval numbers and mapping operator). Methods: In this study, first 10 risk scenarios in the excavation and piping process were selected, then the outcome of the risk assessment were studied using four types of matrix including traditional (ORM), displaced cells (RCM) , extended (ERM) and fuzzy (FRM) risk matrixes. Results: The results showed that the use of FRM and ERM matrix have prority, due to the high level of " Risk Tie Density" (RTD) and "Risk Level Density" (RLD) in the ORM and RCM matrix, as well as more accurate results presented in FRM and ERM, in risk assessment. While, FRM matrix provides more reliable results due to the application of fuzzy membership functions. Conclusion: Using new mathematical issues such as fuzzy sets and arithmetic and mapping operators for risk assessment could improve the accuracy of risk matrix and increase the reliability of the risk assessment results, when the accurate data are not available, or its data are avaliable in a limit range.}, Keywords = {Risk Matrix, Uncertainty, Fuzzy Logic System, Arithmetic Operators, Mapping Operator}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {55-65}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Arash and Atabi, Faride and Golbabaei, Faride}, title = {Human Error Classification for the Permit to Work System by SHERPA in a Petrochemical Industry}, abstract ={Background & objective: Occupational accidents may occur in any types of activities. Carrying out daily activities such as repairing and maintaining are one of the work phases that have high risck. Despite the issuance of work permits or work license systems for controling the risks of non-routine activities, the high rate of accidents during activity indicates the inadequacy of such systems. A main portion of this lacking is attributed to the human errors. Then, it is necessary to identify and control the probable human errors during issuing permits. Methods: In the present study, the probable errors for four categories of working permits were identified using SHERPA method. Then, an expert team analyzed 25500 issued permits during a period of approximately one year. Most of frequent human errors and their types were determined. Results: The “Excavation” and “Entry to confined space” permit possess the most errors.  Approximately, 28.5 present of all errors were related to the excavation permits. The implementation error was recognized as the most frequent error for all types of error taxonomy. For every category of permits, about 40% of all errors were attributed to the implementation errors. Conclusion: The results may indicate the weakness points in the practical training of the licensing system. The human error identification methods can be used to predict and decrease the human errors.}, Keywords = {Human Error, Permit to Work, SHERPA, Maintenance}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {66-73}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Hojati, Mehdi and Golmohammadi, Rostam and Aliabadi, Mohse}, title = {Determining the Noise Exposure Pattern in a Steel Company}, abstract ={Introduction: Steel industries are one of the major needs of the country. Noise pollution in steel production operations is an occupational hazard because of special equipment such as electric arc furnaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate noise pollution in various units of a steel company for determining the occupational exposure pattern. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and analytical noise pollution study in various units of a steel company in Iran (Hamadan state). The sound pressure levels were measured in accordance with the ISO-9612 standard and using the Casella-Cel model 450 sound level meter on “A” frequency weighing and the “slow” mode for time response. The frequency analysis in one octave-band was done with measures on “C” frequency weighing. We used the Surfer V.10 software for interpolation and noise maps producing. Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software was used for graph drawing. Noise dosimetry was performed using model TES-1345 dosimeter. Results: The results of this study showed that 56% of the total measurement stations were in the danger zone [above 85 dB(A)]. The maximum sound levels in the areas of electric arc furnaces and ladle furnace were recorded 112.2 dB(A) and 97 dB(A), respectively. The averages of the noise dose in three occupational groups of industrial cleaner, melting and casting were 2133%, 514%, and 577%, respectively. The dominant frequencies recorded in two central frequencies were 125 Hz and 250 Hz, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results, occupational exposure to noise in all the units indicated a dominant frequency of less than 500 Hz and could not be protected by hearing protection devices. The noise doses were over 500% and the time exposure shifts could not be reduced. Therefore, performing technical control plans are of priority in this industry.}, Keywords = {noise, occupational, steel industry, frequency analysis, electric arc furnace}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.21859/johe-02041}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sahranavard, Yaser and Zare, Sajad and Kalantary, Saba and Omidi, Leila and Karami, Masomeh}, title = {Determining Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes (BTEX) Concentrations in the Hydrometallurgical Environment of Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex}, abstract ={Introduction: Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes (BTEX) are important parts of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) family, which are widely used in many industries. These have been classified as carcinogenic compounds and the neurotoxic effects of BTEX have been reported; so, a screening evaluation of workplace air quality for determining BTEX may seem necessary. Methods: In order to measure the workplace concentrations of BTEX in the hydrometallurgical process, six sampling stations were selected. Volatile organic compounds were analyzed using the method 1501 of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Activated carbon was used for sampling and samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Results: The highest measured levels were observed for ethylbenzene at sampling station 1 (0.8 ppm). The concentration of benzene in this sampling location was 0.05 ppm. The highest toluene concentration was reported at sampling station 4 (0.15 ppm) and the lowest toluene concentration was 0.02 ppm at sampling station 6. Conclusions: Indoor air quality in workplaces can be affected by the presence of BTEX. The results of measurements of BTEX showed low concentration levels of these compounds in the studied workplace}, Keywords = {Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene, Indoor air}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {9-13}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.21859/johe-02042}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-134-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-134-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Omidvar, Mohsen and Nirumand, Fereshteh}, title = {Risk Assessment of Ammonia Tanks Using Fuzzy Layer of Protection Analysis (FLOPA)}, abstract ={Introduction: Risk assessment of hazardous processes is the priority of risk management. Layer of protection analysis (LOPA) is one of the most popular methods used for risk assessment. Due to the insufficient information or uncertainty in failure rates (PFD) of protective layers, risk assessment based on the conventional LOPA can result in error in calculations. In this study, we tried to use the fuzzy set theory to evaluate the ammonia receiving tank safety, using the LOPA method. Methods: Initially, the fuzzy failure rate of protective layers were calculated using the subjective opinions of professionals. Then, by applying the fuzzy operators, fuzzy possibilities transformed to fuzzy probabilities and subsequently they were deffuzified to crisp failure rate. Afterwards, using the severity fuzzy logic, severity of the outcome event was calculated in the fuzzy form, and subsequently, fuzzy risk index was calculated using the fuzzy matrix. Results: In the ammonia release scenario, calculated severity, probability and risk levels were determined as P: Low, S: High, and R: TNA, and PF = -2.66, SF = 3.99, RF = 3.79 (0.2 TNA, 0.8 NA) for classic and fuzzy LOPA methods, respectively. In addition, after inserting additional layers of protection, the fuzzy risk index reduced from 3.79 (0.2 TNA, 0.8 NA) to 1.92 (0.1 A, 0.8 TA, 0.1 TNA). Conclusions: In the condition of uncertainty and lack of information relating to probability and severity of risk scenarios, the experts’ opinions can be used in forms of linguistic variables and fuzzy relations to reduce calculation errors in risk assessment as much as possible}, Keywords = {of Protection Analysis, Risk, Fuzzy sets, Severity, Fuzzy Possibility and Probability}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {14-24}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.21859/johe-02043}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-135-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-135-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mahdavi, Neda and Motamedzade, Majid and MoghimBeygi, Abbas and Jamshidi, Ali Ashraf and HeydariMoghaddam, Rashi}, title = {Effect of One Carpet Weaving Workstation on Upper Trapezius Fatigue}, abstract ={Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of carpet weaving at a proposed workstation on Upper Trapezius (UTr) fatigue during a task cycle. Fatigue in the shoulder is one of the most important precursors for upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. One of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders between carpet weavers is disorder of the shoulder region. Methods: This cross-sectional study, included eight females and three males. During an 80-minute cycle of carpet weaving, Electromyography (EMG) signals of right and left UTr were recorded by the surface EMG, continuously. After raw signals were processed, MPF and RMS were considered as EMG amplitude and frequency parameters. Time series model and JASA methods were used to assess and classify the EMG parameter changes during the working time. Results: According to the JASA method, 58%, 16%, 8% and 8% of the participants experienced fatigue, force increase, force decrease and recovery, respectively in the right UTr. Also, 50%, 25%, 8% and 16% of the participants experienced fatigue, force increase, force decrease and recovery, respectively in the left UTr. Conclusions: For the major portion of the weavers, dominant status in Left and right UTr was fatigue, at the proposed workstation during a carpet weaving task cycle. The results of the study provide detailed information for optimal design of workstations. Further studies should focus on fatigue in various muscles and time periods for designing an appropriate and ergonomics carpet weaving workstation}, Keywords = {Muscle Fatigue Ergonomics Surface Electromyography}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {25-34}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.21859/johe-02044}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Derakhshanjazari, Milad and Monazzam, Mohammadreza and Hosseini, Seyed mostaf}, title = {Influence of Tire Characteristics of Interurban Taxis on Exposure Level to Drivers Whole-Body Vibrations}, abstract ={Introduction: Taxi drivers’ exposure to repeat whole-body vibrations can cause back pain and digestive disorders. Since this type of vibration depends on the car components, this study was carried out to determine the influence of tire characteristics on the amount of whole-body vibrations transmitted to the Peugeot 405 taxi drivers. Methods: In this experimental study, vibration characteristics were measured according to the ISO2631-1 with each of the statuses: tubeless tires fixed and fluid in it (normal air or nitrogen) and also the fluid in the tires fixed with tubes or tubeless on asphalt-paved road. Other variables including tire pressure, engine speed, road gradient, number of passengers, springs, and shock absorbers were kept constant. Then the effect of changes was analyzed using an appropriate statistical test. Results: After changing nitrogen to normal air and tubeless tires to tube, the average of RMS in Z-axis, eight-hour equivalent acceleration A(8) and crest factor were reduced (P < 0.05). Also, A(8) reduced from health risk zone (> 0.9 m/s2) to caution zone (0.45-0.9 m/s2) with a value of 0.8 m/s2. Conclusions: The amount of vibration transmitted to the whole body is sensitive to existence of tubes and tires inflation so that we can reduce the amount of whole-body vibration to lower than the upper limit of the health risk by changing the characteristics of the tire.}, Keywords = {Tire Whole-Body Vibrations Taxi Driver }, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {35-43}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.21859/johe-02045}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-146-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-146-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Dastaran, Saman and Hasheinejhad, Naser and Shahravan, Arash and Baneshi, Mohammadreza and Faghihi, Alli}, title = {Identification and Assessment of Human Errors in Postgraduate Endodontic Students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences by Using the SHERPA Method}, abstract ={Introduction: Human errors are the cause of many accidents, including industrial and medical, therefore finding out an approach for identifying and reducing them is very important. Since no study has been done about human errors in the dental field, this study aimed to identify and assess human errors in postgraduate endodontic students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences by using the SHERPA Method. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed during year 2014. Data was collected using task observation and interviewing postgraduate endodontic students. Overall, 10 critical tasks, which were most likely to cause harm to patients were determined. Next, Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) was conducted and human errors in each task were identified by the Systematic Human Error Reduction Prediction Approach (SHERPA) technique worksheets. Results: After analyzing the SHERPA worksheets, 90 human errors were identified including (67.7%) action errors, (13.3%) checking errors, (8.8%) selection errors, (5.5%) retrieval errors and (4.4%) communication errors. As a result, most of them were action errors and less of them were communication errors. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that the highest percentage of errors and the highest level of risk were associated with action errors, therefore, to reduce the occurrence of such errors and limit their consequences, control measures including periodical training of work procedures, providing work check-lists, development of guidelines and establishment of a systematic and standardized reporting system, should be put in place. Regarding the results of this study, the control of recovery errors with the highest percentage of undesirable risk and action errors with the highest frequency of errors should be in the priority of control.}, Keywords = {Human Error Risk Assessment Endodontic Kerman}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {44-51}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.21859/johe-02046}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Golmohammadi, Rostam and Saedpanah, Keivan and Ramezani, Behroz and Moieni, Mohammad kohsar}, title = {Performance evaluation of sound screening Method for estimating sound Risk in small Workshops of Hamadan city}, abstract ={Introduction: noise pollution has a negative effect on physiological parameters, efficiency and auditory system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a sound screening method for estimating sound risk in small workshops of Hamadan city. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 22 plants with more than 20 workers. Noise screening was done using a screening form. Next, noise level was measured at all the plants by SL 4001 sound level meter and regular grid method. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s test and linear regression by SPSS version 16 software. Results: The mean (SD) scores of sound pressure level and screening form were 80.12 dB (7.277) and 60.50 (8.964) in the 22 understudy plants, respectively. The average measured workshop area and volume were 1448 and 10300, respectively. Pearson’s test revealed a significant relationship between the results of the two methods, (P > 0.046). Also the percentage of workers at risk (greater than 85 dB) was 32.29 and the percentage of workers within safe limit (less than 85 dB) was 63.3. While the largest percentage of workers in the caution zone (82 dB) was 67.04. conclusions: A correlation was shown between the results of the two methods. The use of this method to identify workshops with the possibility of noise pollution is effective.}, Keywords = {Sound screening, workshop, noise pollution, noise exposure}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {52-57}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.21859/johe-02047}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Monazzam, Mohammad reza and Jalilian, Hamed and Khosravi, Yahya and Najafi, Kamran and Zamanian, Zahr}, title = {Occupational Exposure Assessment of Tehran Metro Drivers to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields}, abstract ={Introduction: Occupational exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields (ELF-MFs) in train drivers is an integral part of the driving task and creates concern about driving jobs. The present study was designed to investigate the occupational exposure of Tehran train drivers to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. Methods: In order to measure the driver’s exposure, from each line, a random sample in AC and DC type trains was selected and measurements were done according to the IEEE std 644-1994 using a triple axis TES-394 device. Train drivers were then compared with national occupational exposure limit guidelines. Results: The maximum and minimum mean exposure was found in AC external city trains (1.2±1.5 μT) and DC internal city trains (0.31±0.2 μT), respectively. The maximum and minimum exposure was 9 μT and 0.08 μT in AC trains of line 5, respectively. In the internal train line, maximum and minimum values were 5.4 μT and 0.08 μT in AC trains. Conclusions: In none of the exposure scenarios in different trains, the exposure exceeded the national or international occupational exposure limit guidelines. However, this should not be the basis of safety in these fields.}, Keywords = {Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field Metro Drivers Occupational Exposure}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {58-64}, publisher = {Hamedan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.21859/johe-02048}, url = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering}, issn = {2383-3378}, eissn = {}, year = {2016} }